Dunkleosteus terrelli (邓氏鱼)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkleosteus

http://www.fossilshk.com/forum/redirect.php?tid=379&goto=lastpost

Dunkleosteus is a prehistoric fish, one of the largest arthrodire placoderms ever to have lived, existing during the Late Devonian period, about 380-360 million years ago.

This hunter, measuring up to 10 metres (33 ft) and weighing 3.6 tonnes (4.0 short tons), was a hypercarnivorous apex predator. Few other placoderms, save, perhaps, its contemporary, Titanichthys, rivaled Dunkleosteus in size.

在4億年前的海洋中，生活著一種面目兇惡的大魚，強壯的雙頜、堅硬的牙齒讓它在滄海中所 向披靡。最新的研究發現，這種名為泰雷爾－鄧氏魚(Dunkleosteus　terrelli)的遠古魚啃噬獵物的咬合力高達1.1萬磅(約5.6 噸)，是迄今發現的撕咬力最強的生物，它一口就能把一條鯊魚撕成兩半。
　　
　　英國皇家學會《生物通訊》雜誌28日刊登了鄧氏魚咬合力之最的研究。
　　
●狠:咬力是霸王龍的4倍

　　為證實鄧氏魚的強大咬合力，美國芝加哥費爾德博物館和芝加哥大學的科學家利用其頭骨化石創建生物力學模型，模擬它的頭骨運動方式和咬合力度，精確推算 出鄧氏魚的尖牙咬合力。研究發現，鄧氏魚的撕咬力集中在上頜前端的一小塊區域，平均每平方釐米產生的壓力可達5600公斤，為霸王龍撕裂獵物時咬合力的4 倍。

　　鄧氏魚長約10米，重達4噸，沒有真正意義上的牙齒，代之以兩長條嶙峋的刃片。刃片尖部極細，咬合壓強達每平方釐米5.6噸。而一個重約65公斤的女性，腳穿鞋跟面積0.5平方釐米的細鞋跟皮鞋，對地面施加的壓強也不過每平方釐米127公斤。

　　科學家估算出史上最大肉食恐龍霸王龍咬合力約為1360公斤；現存撕咬力最強的動物是美洲短吻鱷，為963公斤；現代鯊魚咬合力為136公斤；人類僅77公斤。值得一提的是，人類的撕咬力甚至強大過某些狗，拉布拉多獵犬就僅為57公斤。

Scaled??

Cold Welding (metallurgy)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_welding

Cold or contact welding was first recognized as a general materials phenomenon in the 1940s. It was then discovered that two clean, flat surfaces of similar metal would strongly adhere (stick) if brought into contact under vacuum.

Cold welding is a solid-state welding process in which joining takes place without fusion at the interface of the two parts to be welded. Unlike in the fusion-welding processes, no liquid or molten phase is present in the joint.

Cold welding, the joining of materials without the use of heat, can be accomplished simply by pressing them together. Surfaces have to be well prepared, and pressure sufficient to produce 35 to 90 percent deformation at the joint is necessary, depending on the material. Lapped joints in sheets and cold-butt welding of wires constitute the major applications of this technique.

Asperity

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asperities

Asperity, defined as "unevenness of surface, roughness, ruggedness" (OED, from the Latin asper — "rough"), has implications (for example) in physics and in seismology. Smooth surfaces, even those polished to a mirror finish, are not truly smooth on an atomic scale. They are rough, with sharp, rough or rugged projections, termed "asperities".

This is from risako on a peaceful yamca night

Biome / Tundra

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome
Biomes
are climatically and geographically defined areas of ecologically similar climatic conditions such as communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms, and are often referred to as ecosystems. Biomes are defined by factors such as plant structures (such as trees, shrubs, and grasses), leaf types (such as broad leaf and needle leaf), plant spacing (forest, woodland, savanna), and climate. Unlike ecozones, biomes are not defined by genetic, taxonomic, or historical similarities. Biomes are often identified with particular patterns of ecological succession and climax vegetation (quasi-equilibrium state of the local ecosystem). An ecosystem has many biotopes and a biome is a major habitat type. A major habitat type, however, is a compromise, as it has an intrinsic inhomogeneity.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra
Tundra
In physical geography, tundra is a biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The term tundra comes from Kildin Sami tūndâr, which means "uplands, treeless mountain tract."There are two types of tundra: Arctic tundra (which also occurs in Antarctica) and alpine tundra. In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline.

-.- Can someone tell me how did i even find these articles, i saved it long ago but, @_@?!!?

Human

http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html

Now, questions.
Why is there human, maybe scientist can prove it.
Then another question, why am i here thinking, why am i living, what's the purpose me being in this world.

After writing these, surprisingly i found out why is my white hair coming out even though i never study @_@

Mach (speed)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach_number

Mach number (Ma or M)is the speed of an object moving through air, or any fluid substance, divided by the speed of sound as it is in that substance. It is commonly used to represent an object's (such as an aircraft or missile) speed, when it is travelling at (or at multiples of) the speed of sound.

Speed of sound

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_sound

True airspeed

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_airspeed

NASA on Shuttle
http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/information/shuttle_faq.html

List of unusual units of measurement

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unusual_units_of_measurement

Astronomy Answers

http://www.astro.uu.nl/~strous/AA/en/antwoorden/ruimtereizen.html

Practical 1.1 (not complete)

#include (stdio.h)
#include (stdlib.h)
#include (time.h)

(change the () since the other braket can't be type here)

int main(void)
{


srand(time(NULL));


int answer=0;
int input=0;
int line;

for(line=0;line<10;line++){
int operand1 = rand()%10;
int operand2 = rand()%10;
int optr = rand()%3;

if(optr==0){
printf("%d + %d = ",operand1,operand2);
answer= operand1 + operand2;
}else if(optr==1){
printf("%d - %d = ",operand1,operand2);
answer= operand1 - operand2;
}else{
printf("%d x %d = ",operand1,operand2);
answer= operand1 * operand2;
}


scanf("%d",&input);
if(input==answer){
printf("CORRECT\n");
}else{printf("WRONG\n");
}
}

system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}

srand (random number)

http://forums.devarticles.com/c-c-help-52/random-number-with-range-23276.html

there is a random number generator function in c library.
if you want to generate up to 10 random numbers then simple write rand() % 11 and if you want to generate from 0 to 10 then the syntax for this is rand() % ((max +1) - min)) + min

#include
#include
#include
int main()
{
srand(time(NULL));


printf("%d\n",rand()%3);
printf("%d\n",rand()%10);

system("PAUSE");

return 0;
}